According to TechCrunch, Mastodon founder Eugen Rochko is stepping down as CEO of the decentralized social network, marking the platform’s biggest leadership change since its creation. The move comes as part of Mastodon’s transition to a non-profit structure announced earlier this year, with Rochko receiving a €1 million compensation payment for years of below-market salary. The new governance includes a board featuring Twitter co-founder Biz Stone and new Executive Director Felix Hlatky, while Rochko will remain as an advisor. Monthly active users have dropped to under 1 million after peaking at 2 million following Elon Musk’s Twitter acquisition, though the platform still boasts 10 million registered users total. The organization now has 10 full-time employees and recently raised millions from backers including Stack Exchange founder Jeff Atwood and Craigslist founder Craig Newmark.
When the creator can’t keep going
Here’s the thing about building something that becomes your entire identity: it eventually consumes you. Rochko was brutally honest about his burnout, saying he couldn’t look at anything about social media without thinking about how it affected his work. “I want it to succeed. And it’s led to a lot of stress, and obviously, it ultimately led to burnout,” he told TechCrunch. After ten years of this, who wouldn’t need a break?
What’s interesting is how directly this contradicts the current Silicon Valley hustle culture obsession. While AI founders are embracing China’s “996” work schedule (9am to 9pm, six days a week), Rochko is basically saying “this isn’t healthy.” His advice to others? “I definitely think that investing all of your time in work is not healthy, because afterwards, you’re going to be left with nothing.” That’s some refreshing honesty in an industry that glorifies burnout.
Going non-profit in a profit-obsessed world
The shift to non-profit status is huge for Mastodon’s future. New Executive Director Felix Hlatky says this opens up new funding opportunities, especially in Europe. They’re working on establishing a Belgian nonprofit (an AISBL) to replace the German entity that lost its non-profit status last year. Meanwhile, the U.S.-based 501(c)(3) will hold the trademarks and assets.
Hlatky brings an interesting perspective too – he’s openly disenchanted with the VC-driven startup system. “It works for the outliers, but for all the others, it doesn’t work,” he said. “I just got bored with the system.” That’s probably why they’re focusing on sustainability through hosting and moderation services rather than chasing explosive growth at all costs.
The interoperability question
Here’s where things get technical but important: Mastodon isn’t pursuing native interoperability with other decentralized platforms like Bluesky (which uses the AT Protocol) or nostr networks. They’re leaving that to third-party projects like Bridgy Fed and Bounce. Basically, we’re in the middle of a protocol war, and Mastodon’s sticking with ActivityPub rather than trying to bridge everything.
That means if you’re hoping for seamless cross-posting between Mastodon and Bluesky anytime soon, don’t hold your breath. The different protocols are essentially competing standards, and Mastodon’s leadership seems content to let the ecosystem figure out bridges rather than building them directly.
The billionaire-proof mission
Rochko’s core vision remains intact: keeping Mastodon “billionaire-proof” in a landscape where, as he notes, “Threads, Instagram, and Facebook belong to a billionaire. X belongs to a billionaire.” He sees Mastodon and the broader fediverse as one of the few social media spaces not subject to wealthy individuals steering public conversation.
But here’s the challenge: Bluesky has adopted similar anti-billionaire rhetoric while growing to 40 million registered users compared to Mastodon’s 10 million. And both platforms have far fewer monthly active users than their total registrations suggest. The spike after Musk’s Twitter takeover proved there’s demand for alternatives, but sustaining that interest is the real test.
Now with Rochko stepping back from daily operations and a proper board in place, Mastodon faces its biggest test yet: can it survive and thrive without its founding visionary at the helm? The €1 million payout seems like a fair recognition of what Rochko built, but the real payment will be whether this structure actually ensures Mastodon’s longevity.
